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Cognitive behavioral stress management effects on psychosocial and physiological adaptation in women
Full Title: Cognitive behavioral stress management effects on psychosocial and physiological adaptation in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer
BACKGROUND: A diagnosis of breast cancer and treatment are psychologically stressful events, particularly over the first year after diagnosis. Women undergo many demanding and anxiety-arousing treatments such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Psychosocial interventions that promote psychosocial adaptation to these challenges may modulate physiological processes (neuroendocrine and immune) that are relevant for health outcomes in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Women with Stages 1-3 breast cancer recruited 4-8 weeks after surgery were randomized to either a 10-week group-based cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention or a 1-day psychoeducational control group and completed questionnaires and late afternoon blood samples at study entry and 6 and 12 months after assignment to experimental condition. RESULTS: Of 128 women initially providing psychosocial questionnaire and blood samples at study entry, 97 provided complete data for anxiety measures and cortisol analysis at all time points, and immune assays were run on a subset of 85 of these women. Those assigned to a 10-week group-based CBSM intervention evidenced better psychosocial adaptation (lower reported cancer-specific anxiety and interviewer-rated general anxiety symptoms) and physiological adaptation (lower cortisol, greater Th1 cytokine [interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma] production and IL-2:IL-4 ratio) after their adjuvant treatment compared to those in the control group. Effects on psychosocial adaptation indicators and cortisol appeared to hold across the entire 12-month observation period. Th1 cytokine regulation changes held only over the initial 6-month period. CONCLUSIONS: This intervention may have facilitated a "recovery or maintenance" of Th1 cytokine regulation during or after the adjuvant therapy period. Behavioral interventions that address dysregulated neuroendocrine function could play a clinically significant role in optimizing host immunologic resistance during a vulnerable period.
Brain Behav Immun. 2009 Jul;23(5):580-91. Epub 2008 Sep 20. Antoni MH, Lechner S, Diaz A, Vargas S, Holley H, Phillips K, McGregor B, Carver CS, Blomberg B. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. ntoni@miami.edu
What is the definition of the human ego? And, how do we know if it is healthy or not? Many dictionaries define ego as his sense of one’s self. Freud even talked about the ego being equal to consciousness. This would imply a level of self-awareness of oneself and how they distinguish between their personal boundaries and the rest of reality. When a person can function within their reality with a proper assessment of threats and opportunities, they could be considered to have a healthy ego.
When exploring the idea of the human ego, it is important to note how the concept has changed through...
TMJ is the acronym for temporomandibular joint. Frequently people say that they have TMJ. However, what they actually mean is that they have TMD, which means temporomandibular disorder. The TMJ is the hinge joint that connects the lower jaw to temporal bone of the skull. TMD occurs when there are problems with the jaw, jaw joint, and the surrounding muscles.
TMD can occur due to numerous causes. These include accidents, clinching or grinding the teeth, arthritis, or stress. While the use of hypnotherapy normally focuses on stress alleviation, it should not be ruled out as part of the...
The topic of bullying continues to be in the limelight. Just about everyone wants to show compassion for the victim and feels like the perpetrator needs to experience some sort of retribution. We see this not only in the popular media but also on videos like the one above. Very little is mentioned, however, about the long-term consequences of being bullied. It seems like most of the reactions whether sanctioned or not seem to revolve around punishing the bully and...
